On the path to motherhood or fatherhood, we explore many factors that can influence our ability to conceive.

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We often think about age, lifestyle, or possible medical conditions, but there's a silent and lesser-known factor that can have a significant impact: oxidative stress. If you've heard of it or wonder how environmental factors or your lifestyle can affect your chances, this article is for you. Here we break down what oxidative stress is and why you should pay attention to it if you're thinking about the health of your eggs and your fertility in general.

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What is oxidative stress? Understanding the concept.

Imagine your body as a perfect machine, constantly working to maintain balance. Inside that machine, there are processes that generate molecular "waste" called free radicals. These free radicals are unstable molecules that, if left unchecked, can damage cells.

Fortunately, your body also produces its own "defenses": antioxidants. Antioxidants are like little guardians that neutralize free radicals, preventing them from causing damage.

Oxidative stress occurs when there's an imbalance: the amount of free radicals exceeds your antioxidants' ability to neutralize them. It's like waste accumulating faster than the cleanup crew can handle it. This imbalance leads to widespread cellular damage.

Causes of oxidative stress in our daily lives

This imbalance can be caused by a variety of internal and external factors to which we are constantly exposed. Some of the most common causes include:

01
Environmental Factors
Air pollution, exposure to chemical toxins, pesticides.
02
Lifestyle
Smoking (active or passive), excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet (high in saturated fats and sugars, low in antioxidants), lack of physical exercise or excessive exercise, chronic stress.
03
Internal Processes
Inflammation in the body, infections, and even normal metabolic processes can generate free radicals.
04
Radiation
Excessive exposure to the sun (UV radiation) or other forms of radiation. These factors increase the production of free radicals, putting our natural antioxidant defenses to the test.
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How does oxidative stress affect your cells?

When free radicals are not neutralized, they can attack essential components of your cells, such as proteins, lipids (fats that form cell membranes), and, more worryingly, DNA (your genetic material). Think of it as a kind of "oxidation" or "corrosion" at a microscopic level. This damage can prevent cells from functioning correctly, accelerate their aging, and, in severe cases, even lead to cell death.

The Direct Impact on Reproductive Health

Now, what does all this have to do with fertility? Reproductive cells, both eggs in women and sperm in men, are particularly sensitive to damage caused by oxidative stress (Source: Ginemed, barcelonaivf.com, Dr. Jose Martin Vallejo). This is due to several reasons, including their high metabolic activity and the complexity of their structure and function.

Oxidative stress can compromise the health, viability, and function of these cells, which are essential for reproduction.

Oxidative Stress and the Quality of Your Eggs

In the specific case of female fertility, oxidative stress has been identified as a key factor that can negatively affect the quality of the eggs. Dr. Braulio Peramo, a gynecologist specializing in fertility, states that eggs, or oocytes, are the largest cells in the human body and contain a large number of mitochondria, the cell's "powerhouses." They are incredibly important for the early development of the embryo.

Oxidative stress can damage crucial components of the ovum, including: the mitochondria, reducing the energy available for ovum maturation and early embryonic development; the DNA within the ovum, which can lead to genetic errors; and the cell membrane and other structures necessary for fertilization. While the exact mechanisms are complex, the result is clear: an ovum exposed to high levels of oxidative stress is likely to be of lower quality.

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Consequences for Fertility

The reduction in oocyte quality due to oxidative stress can have several consequences for fertility: Difficulty conceiving: A low-quality egg is less likely to be fertilized or to implant correctly in the uterus. Worse prognosis in Assisted Reproductive Treatments: The quality of the egg is fundamental to the success of techniques such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).

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Oxidative damage can result in a lower success rate (Source: cordis.europa.eu). Higher risk of early pregnancy problems: A damaged egg can lead to an embryo that does not develop correctly, increasing the risk of not achieving pregnancy or suffering early pregnancy loss.

It is important to understand that, although oxidative stress is not the only cause of fertility problems, it is a significant contributor that is often overlooked.

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Can we protect ourselves? The role of antioxidants

The good news is that our body has a defense system: antioxidants. And we can do things to strengthen it. Antioxidants act by donating electrons to free radicals, stabilizing them and preventing them from damaging cells.

Obtaining sufficient antioxidants through diet and, in some cases, supplementation, can help counteract the excess of free radicals and reduce oxidative damage throughout the body, including reproductive cells. Substances such as Vitamin E have been studied for their potential role in improving oocyte quality (Source: Assisted Reproduction, Minifiv).

Steps to Reduce Oxidative Stress

Improve your diet.

Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. They are excellent sources of vitamins (such as C and E) and minerals with antioxidant properties.

Manage stress.

Practice stress management techniques such as yoga, meditation, mindfulness, or spending time in nature. Chronic stress can increase oxidative stress (Source: Saba, Helloclue).

Avoid toxins

Reduce or eliminate tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. Avoid exposure to pesticides and pollutants whenever possible.

Moderate exercise

Regular physical activity is beneficial, but strenuous exercise without adequate recovery can temporarily increase oxidative stress. Find a balance.

Consult with professionals.

If you have concerns about your fertility, talk to a doctor or reproductive specialist. They can assess your individual situation and offer personalized guidance, including the possible need to evaluate oxidative stress levels or consider supplements.

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Questions you might have too.

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Estrés Oxidativo: ¿Qué es y Cómo Puede Afectar tu Fertilidad?

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